The Greek New Testament
contains several terms that are rendered by the English word “example.”
The word deigma
denotes that which is shown, hence, a specimen. Jude declares that the
permanent destruction of wicked Sodom and Gomorrah serves as an
“example” of the eternal punishment of hell (Jude 7).
The term hupodeigma,
literally, “to show under,” suggests a model, either for good or bad. We
should not follow Israel’s “example” of apostasy in the wilderness
(Hebrews 4:11).
The Greek tupos
denotes a print (cf. John 20:25); or it can suggest a “pattern”
(Hebrews 8:5). Thus, elders are to be “examples” to the flock of
God (1 Peter 5:3).
Hupotuposis in
secular Greek was an outline or sketch. In the New Testament it can
denote a behavioral example or a pattern of doctrine (see 1 Timothy
1:16; 2 Timothy 1:13).
The word hupogrammos
(literally “to write under,” was employed in ancient Greek for a child’s
writing exercise in copying the alphabet. This term is used to describe
the “example” of the sinless Christ who passively endured suffering and
confidently committed His care unto the Father (1 Peter 2:21).
Some Facts About Example
The Bible repeatedly
appeals to the power of example. Note the following:
God Is Our Example
The Lord commanded his
ancient people: “You shall be holy; for I Jehovah your God am holy”
(Leviticus 19:2). Similarly, Christ admonished: “You therefore shall
be perfect, as your heavenly Father is perfect” (Matthew 5:48).
The example of Jehovah’s lovingkindness was a great motivation in
David’s life (Psalm 26:3). Heaven’s example in extending
forgiveness for our transgressions can surely encourage us to be
compassionate concerning those who have offended us (see Ephesians
4:32).
Christ Is Our Example
Jesus was such a
marvelous pattern in a great variety of ways. He was an example of
righteous living; He never yielded to sin (Hebrews 4:15). He
delighted in doing His Father’s will (Psalm 40:8) and pursued
that course with diligence (John 8:29). The Lord was a fitting
example in serving (John 13:15) and in suffering (1 Peter
2:21ff).
There is a vivid
commentary on the influence of Christ in the book of Acts. We are told
that the Jewish rulers, in observing Peter and John, “took knowledge of
them, that they had been with Jesus” (4:13). What a commentary on the
Savior!
Christians Are To Be Good
Examples
Paul frequently urges the
readers of his epistles to follow his example to the extent that such
reflects the life of Christ. To the Corinthians he wrote: “Be ye
imitators of me, even as I also am of Christ” (1 Corinthians 11:1).
Paul encouraged Timothy to be an example to other believers “in word, in
manner of life, in love, in faith, in purity” (1 Timothy 4:12).
No one can argue with a
good example; it is simply there! That is why Peter tells the Christian
woman who is married to an unbeliever that if she cannot reach her
spouse with verbal instruction in the Word, perhaps she, without
uttering a word, could convince him by her manner of life (1 Peter
3:1).
Examples and Authority
There is considerable
controversy these days about whether or not apostolic “example” is a
legitimate means of establishing the authority for a religious practice.
For instance, does the solitary example of the church observing the
communion supper on the Lord’s day constitute a binding example?
First, let us simply
raise this question: does the New Testament itself endorse the principle
that example can bear the force of authority? Consider the following:
-
In
Acts 11, when Peter, before the brothers in Jerusalem, argued
the case for accepting Gentiles into the church, he cited the
example of the Spirit’s operation upon the household of Cornelius as
proof that these people were entitled to Christian status. To refuse
the Gentiles would be withstanding God (11:15-17).
-
In
Acts 15, when a question arose as to whether Gentiles would
be required to practice circumcision in order to be saved, both Paul
and Barnabas, as well as Peter, demonstrated, by the citation of
examples, that the Lord had miraculously worked through them among
the Gentiles, granting salvation without submission to the law of
Moses. Thus, circumcision was not to be bound as a matter of
salvation (cf. 15:4,6-12). Examples can be binding (cf. 2
Timothy 1:13).
Back to the question of
the Lord’s supper. How do we conclude that the example of observing the
communion on Sunday (Acts 20:7) is a binding precedent?
The answer—the overall
context of the New Testament, i.e., biblical information on the same
subject elsewhere, establishes a spiritual connection between the Lord’s
supper and the first day of the week. The components of the communion
(bread and fruit of the vine) are reflective of the Savior’s death
(Matthew 26:26-28), and the first day of the week commemorates His
resurrection (John 20:1ff). Obviously, therefore, Sunday becomes
a binding example for the time of the Lord’s supper (cf. “The Weekly
Observance of the Lord’s Supper”).
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